Application Delivery is at the top of the list of any organization's priorities. Keeping up with those priorities requires a move to dynamic application delivery and virtualization. The Citrix NetScaler Application Switch is a powerful step in that direction.

Compressing content at the server level can be done, but is tedious, and with the number of hosted servers on the backend growing proportionally with virtualization, it is better suited to a frontend tool. 

As an Application Expert, determining what type of content is compressible vs. that which is not compressible should be at the tip of your tongue, or at least you should be able to reference this post or document.  The thing is, while some content types remain compressible/non-compressible across many applications, you might run across an application that requires some content be treated uniquely.  For example, the SAP application requires that pdf files should not be compressed when sent back to the clients.  Either way, you should know how to dynamically configure rules to accommodate for the applications content.  This Compression Deployment Guide shows you how.

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Policies are used to configure various Citrix NetScaler Application Switch features. For example, the parameters for compressing content are defined in a compression policy.

The features that use policies are:

• Load Balancing
• Content Switching
• Content Filtering
• AppCompress
• Cache Redirection
• SSL VPN
• Priority Queuing
• DoS Protection
• Sure Connect

Policy expressions are applied to content that enters the switch. Expressions are shared among features, but actions are feature-specific. For example, you can create an expression to identify .pdf files being sent through the system. You can then create a compression policy that uses this expression to compress those files. The Policy Engine (PE) refers to the architecture in the Citrix NetScaler Application Switch for versions up to 8.x. The architecture for Policy Engine and the manner in which it operates is presented in this Deployment Guide.  Did you know that each feature in the Citrix NetScaler Application Switch is processed in a certain order, and the Policy Engine (PE) applies policy according to that order.  That order is represented in this diagram and discussed in the Deployment Guide for Policy Engine (PE).

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As web applications grow in complexity, the art of accelerating them seems to remain the same. This art is performed by applying some basic concepts to the application; that is, Caching, Compression, Load Balancing, Global Server Load Balancing, SSL Offload & Acceleration, Content Switching, TCP Multiplexing and SSL Session Reuse.

Citrix® is a leader in Gartners magic quadrant for Application Delivery with their flagship appliance NetScaler®. NetScaler accelerates web application performance by leveraging multiple acceleration technologies and innovative TCP optimizations.

Whether you are building out a new datacenter and architecting it the right way, or retrofitting an existing datacenter, Citrix NetScaler will perform and keep costs down. Whether you are looking to accelerate legacy enterprise applications such as Oracle or SAP, or building a new web 2.0 social community, Citrix NetScaler contains all of the tools to get you there.

Citrix NetScaler web application delivery solutions are purpose built appliances that accelerate application performance, while simultaneously reducing datacenter costs and improving web application security. Platforms range from the entry level 7000 to the latest MPX-series appliances that provide an industry-leading 15 Gbs of throughput at Layers 4 through 7.

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Becoming an Application Expert means that you can profile an application and quickly determine how it can be architected or re-constructed for higher performance. Of course, we want you to use the Citrix Application Switch as part of the architecture. In Part 1, we learned how to profile an application to learn what it looks like as the traffic flows through the Citrix Application Switch. Now we will determine what parts of an application are cacheable and what parts are non-cacheable.

By Application Profiling we can determine which parts of the application are cacheable and non-cacheable just by looking at the Request and Response headers. The application will sometimes tell you through it's "Cache-Control" header directives. Some content that we just know is static and doesn't ever change, we can consider cacheable as static content. Content that changes, such as reports, are often considered non-cacheable but with the help of Selectors and Dynamic Content Groups in the Citrix NetScaler, this content can be cached. As a proof of concept, we deployed the Citrix NetScaler Application Switch in the front of Oracle E-Business Suite v12 application and implemented caching policies for both static and dynamic content. As it turns out, alot of static content is cached by default policies and setting up dynamic policies is not that difficult. To see how, read the Caching Deployment Guide for Oracle E-Business Suite v12.

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Citrix® NetScaler® web application delivery solutions are purpose built appliances that accelerate application performance up to five times, while simultaneously reducing datacenter costs and improving web application security. Platforms range from the entry level 7000 to the latest MPX-series appliances that provide an industry-leading 15 gigabits per second of througput at both Layer 4 and Layer 7 with maximum simultaneous use of all functional modules. They provide visibility into the end-user application experience and comprehensive web application security in concert with advanced traffic management. NetScaler, a member of the Citrix Delivery Center product family, is an ideal network management solution for any enterprise seeking accelerated Web application performance, improved web application security and increased application availability.

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*Santa Clara, CA » 4/28/2008 »* Citrix Systems, Inc. (Nasdaq: CTXS), the global leader in application delivery infrastructure, today announced its new NetScaler MPX line of web application delivery systems.  The new NetScaler solutions feature a massively parallel multi-core system architecture that significantly increases datacenter capacity and delivers 2.5¹  times more web applications with the same infrastructure footprint. Citrix® NetScaler® MPX also provides unmatched performance when delivering applications that demand the highest security and best end-user experience. Today's web applications are straining traditional load balancers and rigidly-constructed datacenters with the integration of rich media capabilities, service oriented architectures (SOA) and interactive Web 2.0 capabilities. These applications are significantly more complex and resource intensive, yet they must still be delivered with the fastest performance, best security and lowest cost. NetScaler MPX is the industry's first web application delivery controller to drive greater than ten gigabits per second (Gbps) of real world application performance while concurrently providing advanced acceleration, traffic compression, and integrated web application firewall security - all in an energy-smart appliance form factor.

As an integral component of the Citrix Delivery Center^TM product family, NetScaler MPX also enables the push toward dynamic datacenters that can more easily adapt to the needs of today's increasingly complex web applications.  As part of this end-to-end solution architecture, NetScaler MPX provides sophisticated workflow virtualization that senses changes in application demand and automatically invokes the necessary application and server resources to meet dynamic workloads. This unique capability provides a fundamental building block of the new dynamic datacenter by offering the necessary scalability and virtualization capabilities needed to cost effectively deliver both enterprise and Internet-facing web applications.

"With its high-performance architecture, NetScaler MPX relieves key customer pain points in large, dynamic datacenters, including the challenge of reducing power consumption while managing traffic loads that are beginning to cross the 10 Gbps threshold," said Cindy Borovick, Research Vice President for IDC's Datacenter Networks service.

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Application Profiling

Introduction:

I can turn you into an Application expert in 5 minutes by reading this post.  Just do what the experts do, or even the not-so-experts.  They pay meticulous attention to the requests from clients and the responses from servers, both headers and body content.  You do this the old fashioned way by taking a trace.  There are better tools out there, some free, some not-so-free.

Running a trace:

Running a trace will help you 'profile' the application. It is recommended that you do this before placing the Citrix Application Switch in-line of the Application traffic. This will gather important information about the Application that will help you understand it's basic operation at Layer 7, and help you begin to understand what it is that needs to be accelerated - cached, compressed, load balanced, ssl offloaded, etc.

Running a trace exposes the flow of transactions between all points of interest. Traces are especially helpful when digging in to find what is contained within the headers being exchanged between the client and the application.

Taking a trace with wireshark:

The free network protocol analyzer called wireshark, http://www.wireshark.org, will capture packets for you on the localhost, whether it's windows or linux. By filtering the stream of packets by IP Address, right clicking and selecting 'Follow TCP Stream' inside of wireshark, you can see the headers for both requests and responses.

Taking a trace with the Citrix Application Switch:

If the Citrix Application Switch is already in place, a trace can be run directly on the Citrix Application Switch. Running a trace will expose the flow of transactions between all points of interest, especially the client, load balancing VIPs and backend servers. Traces are especially helpful when digging in to find out if the proper headers are being exchanged between client & VIP and VIP & backend servers. A trace can be run directly on the Citrix Application Switch. Once downloaded this file can be opened and request and response headers read with Wireshark, a free network trace utility, http://www.wireshark.org. From the Citrix Application Switch GUI, navigate to NetScaler -> System -> Diagnostics -> New Trace -> Run. 

Viewing headers with Paros:

Paros was originially written for web security, but has value when viewing request and response headers, cookies and the like. Through Paros's proxy nature, all HTTP and HTTPS data between server and client, including cookies and form fields, can be intercepted. There is an additional option of trapping and modifying data before sending it on to the server, or client. Paros can be found at http://parosproxy.org. Free.

Viewing headers with Live HTTP Headers:

Live HTTP Headers, http://livehttpheaders.mozdev.org/, was developed for use with the Firefox web browser. It is a free add-on and allows you to view HTTP header information in real time. Free.

Viewing headers with IE Analyzer:

IEInspector HTTP Analyzer, http://www.ieinspector.com, is a tool that allows you to monitor, trace, debug and analyze HTTP/HTTPS traffic in real-time. It works with Microsoft Internet Explorer. Not-Free.

Viewing headers with IE Watch:

IEWatch, http://www.iewatch.com, is another plug-in for Microsoft Internet Explorer that helps you profile your web applications. You can use this tool to dig deep into the inner workings of web applications to find hidden issues. Not-Free.

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The SAP Enterprise Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) provides a blueprint for services-based, enterprise scale business solutions that are adaptable, flexible, and open. Enterprise Services Architecture takes the concept of service-oriented architecture to a new level by transforming Web services into enterprise services. Bringing Citrix and SAP Enterprise Services Architecture together reduces the dependence on customized applications, and increases flexibility and reduces time to deployment while reducing operational expenses.

This Citrix / SAP Enterprise SOA Deployment Guide was created out of a joint engagement between Citrix and SAP at the Co-Innovation Laboratory in Palo Alto, California, USA. This deployment guide walks through the step-by-step configuration details of how to configure the Citrix NetScaler for use as front-end to SAP Portal for end-user traffic, that is HTTP ~ HTML. To further complement the value of the Enterprise SOA, this guide walks through the details of how to configure the Citrix NetScaler for use as a front-end to the SAP Composite Application Framework and SAP ERP Web Services platforms, providing a flexible load balancer and HTTPS encryption point for machine to machine web service traffic. With this deployment Citrix becomes an integral and flexible part of the SAP Enterprise SOA "Applistructure" bringing together applications and technology for a fast, flexible and highly effective service oriented IT infrastructure.

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We recently had a meeting with a large partner of ours and they handed down some hefty requirements.  An average of 100 partners using their portal on any given month to access their development environments on the backend.  It was clear that NetScaler could scale, but the question was how to keep all of those partners separated from each other, without them peeking into each others traffic. It turned out to be easier than we thought using the NetScaler as an SSL VPN with the addition of some policies bound to each partner's user group.  The following is an overview of the network diagram, and there are some deployment guides to walk you through these installations. 

The Citrix SSL VPN CPS Deployment Guide walks you through deploying NetScaler SSL VPN as an ICA Proxy and authentication point.  It then walks you through deploying Citrix Presentation Server and the steps necessary to connect the SSL VPN to the CPS Applications.  The guide includes Session policies which direct users upon authentication to specific CPS farms on the backend of the NetScaler SSL VPN.  Think of it as an authentication portal.

The Citrix SSL VPN Deployment Guide walks you through deploying NetScalers as an HA Pair, and then as an SSL VPN with ICA Proxy OFF.  The intention was to use the SSL VPN for regular VPN traffic, and not Citrix Presentation Server traffic.  Just as well, policies can be combined on the same NetScaler Application Switch to allow both non-CPS and CPS traffic to traverse the same SSL VPN.

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